References. For example, Stafford and Canary (2006) have discovered that partners who perceived their relationships as fair and balanced experienced most satisfaction, thus supporting Equity Theory’s suggestion that perceived fairness is necessary for happy relationships. how much of a company someone owns, in the form of shares. The theory also suggests that moral logic is primarily focused on seeking and maintaining justice. But that’s not the only kind of equity. Over and above these assumptions for personal sentiments, balance theory assumes that a positive relation can also result from the perception that two objects or individuals somehow belong together. Higher the level of self-efficiency, greater will be the efforts put in by the individual when they face challenging tasks. Goal Setting Theory Flashcards Quizlet. The assumption behind theory X is that the management assumes that a typical worker has very little aim and goals in life and tries to avoid responsibilities.. An important task of the corporate financial manager is measurement of the company’s cost of equity capital. In the high and low structure group, instrumentality theory predicts a difference in the performance level of the leavers and stayers while equity theory makes no prediction. C. social support processes. Other articles where Wages-fund theory is discussed: wage and salary: Wages-fund theory: ” Smith said that the demand for labour could not increase except in proportion to the increase of the funds destined for the payment of wages. This theory was founded by a German philosopher, economist, sociologist, and … In an attempt to line up Maslow's Theory of Needs with empirical studies, Alderfer's ERG Theory elicits three core requirements: Existence, Relatedness, and Growth. McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y. His plan _____. The expectancy theory of motivation provides an explanation as to why an individual chooses to act out a specific behavior as opposed to another. Social exchange theory is a sociological and psychological theory that studies the social behavior in the interaction of two parties that implement a cost-benefit analysis to determine risks and benefits. Expectancy theory is more concerned with the cognitive antecedents that go into motivation and the way they relate to each other. In an effort to be equitable, he plans to give the same percentage pay raise to each of his employees who work 40 hours a week. Select one: a. Self-actualization need theory b. Belongingness need theory c. Theory X d. Theory Y Question 21 Maslow suggests that human needs are arranged in a … Social exchange theory Flashcards and Study Sets Quizlet. The theory also involves economic relationships—the cost-benefit analysis occurs when each party has goods that the other parties value. This cognitive process evaluates the motivational force (MF) of the different behavioral options based on the individual's own perception of the probability of attaining his desired outcome. Attribution theory assumes that people try to determine why people do what they do, i.e., attribute causes to behavior. B. they found it embarrassing to talk about sex. Racial equity is the condition that would be achieved if one's racial identity no longer predicted, in a statistical sense, how one fares. Equity theory attempts to explain relational satisfaction in terms of perceived fairness: that is, people evaluate the extent to which there is a fair or unfair distribution of resources within their interpersonal relationships. The assumptions of theory X, according to McGregor, are based on a typical worker. Once everyone enjoys a similar level of health and well-being, we can focus on preserving fairness by giving everyone the same things: this is equality. Self-categorization theory, in contrast to a popular point of view in North American social psychology, asserts that human beings are and are able to act as both individual persons and social groups. Gerald Simmons, a manager for Computers-R-Us, has been studying the equity theory of motivation. As the Pan-American Health Organization puts it, equity is the means, equality is the outcome. The Path-Goal theory, inspired by the work of Martin G. Evans (1970), [1] can best be thought of as a process by which leaders select specific behaviors that are best suited to their employees’ needs and their working environment, so that leaders may best guide their employees through their path in the obtainment of their daily work activities (goals) (Northouse, 2013). Quizlet.com DA: 11 PA: 43 MOZ Rank: 54. What does Theory X mean? Kohlberg's theory suggests that moral development occurs in a series of six stages. Primary among the reason(s) researchers have found on why people do not practice safe sex is/are: A. they don’t care. It assumes that employees are happy to work, are self-motivated and creative, and enjoy working with greater responsibility. E. intrapsychic processes. Other examples include: Maslow first outlined his motivational theory in his 1943 paper, "A Theory of Human Motivation," and a subsequent book, "Motivation and Personality." Latham, G. P., Winters, D., & Locke, E. (1994). A person seeking to understand why another person did something may attribute one or more causes to that behavior. 126: 649533353: Fredrick Herzberg: most famous for introdicuing job enrichment and the motivator hugeine theory: 127: 649533354: 2 Factor theory The goal-setting theory assumes that the individual is committed to the goal and will not leave the goal. Critical race theory, intellectual movement and framework of legal analysis based on the premise that race is a socially constructed category that is used to oppress and exploit people of color. Reinforcement theory of motivation was proposed by BF Skinner and his associates. This is equity: making sure that have what they need to achieve and maintain health and well-being. Quizlet.com DA: 11 PA: 32 MOZ Rank: 43. the basic premise of social exchange th… a form of interaction in which two individuals voluntarily pro… Homans "an exchange of activity, tangible or intangible, and m… 1)People are sensitive to rewards and cost and thus maximizing… This is also seen in the Law of Effect, "one of the principles of reinforcement theory, which states that people engage in behaviors that have pleasant outcomes and avoid behaviors that have unpleasant outcomes" (Thorndike, 1913). Even if she does not reach 100% on her test, goal-setting theory states that she will perform much better than had she made a non-specific, easy goal. Conversely, a negative relation can result from the perception that two objects or … Equity Theory Defined. In simple terms, equity theory states that if an individual identifies an inequity between themselves and a peer, they will adjust the work they do to make the situation fair in their eyes. The equity equation. A. psychological responsibility theory. Harder, J. W. (1991). A strength of Equity Theory is that it is supported by research findings. Regarded as one of many theories of justice, equity theory was first developed in 1963 by John Stacey Adams. Cognitive and motivational effects of participation: A mediator study. The Conflict Theory is a macro theory. This categorization reduction is the result of earlier research on Maslow Hierarchy of Needs that indicates some overlap within the middle levels. Combined Predictions The differential predictions of equity theory and instrumentality theory appear to be quite complementary. Question 20 _____ assumes that employees have little ambition, dislike work, and avoid responsibility. Attachment theory is a psychological, evolutionary and ethological theory concerning relationships between humans.The most important tenet is that young children need to develop a relationship with at least one primary caregiver for normal social and emotional development. Originator: Bernard Weiner (1935- ) Key terms: Attribution, locus of control, stability, controllability Attribution Theory (Weiner) Weiner developed a theoretical framework that has become very influential in social psychology today. It states that individual’s behaviour is a function of its consequences. B. equity theory. The goal-setting theory of motivation assumes that behavior is a result of conscious goals ans intentions; Therefore, by setting goals for people in the organization, a manager is able to influence their behavior; Components of Goal-Setting Theory.-Goal Difficulty. Developed by the behavioral and workplace psychologist, John Stacy Adams, Equity Theory of Motivation is one of the justice theories explaining the correlation between input and outcome of performance of employee at a job with his/her perception of equitable or inequitable behavior from the employers. The equity equation (sometimes called the “assets and liabilities equation”) is as follows: Assets – Liabilities = Equity. Goals should be set-self by individuals rather than designated. why people do what they do). In 1963, John Stacey Adams introduced the idea that fairness and equity are key components of a motivated individual. 16. A Macro theory is a sociological theory designed to study the larger social, global, and societal level of sociological phenomena. Maslow's research and theories represent a shift in the field of psychology. The theory assumes that a person might act as a unique personality in one context, but display collective similarities as a group member in another. Equity Theory is based on the idea that individuals are motivated by fairness. D. dyadic processes. Critical race theorists hold that the law and legal institutions in the United States are inherently racist. Theory Y: Assumes that employees ike work, seek responsibility, are capable of making decisions, and exercise self direction and self control when commited to a goal. Ricardo maintained that an increase in capital would result in an increase in the demand for labour. The idea that a manager’s attitude has an impact on employee motivation was originally proposed by Douglas McGregor, a management professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology during the 1950s and 1960s.In his 1960 book, The Human Side of Enterprise, McGregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee … Summary: Attribution Theory attempts to explain the world and to determine the cause of an event or behavior (e.g. It assumes that choices being made maximize pleasure and minimize pain. Let's consider the 4 grand theories one at a time. The goal commitment is dependent on the following factors: Goals are made open, known and broadcasted. When we use the term, we are thinking about racial equity as one part of racial justice, and thus we also include work to address root causes of … Instead of focusing on abnormalities, Maslow's humanistic psychology concerns normal development of average humans. 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