We ought to go with any man in the effort to bring about justice and the equality of opportunity, to turn the tool-user more and more into the tool-owner, to shift burdens so that they can be more equitably borne. belief must exist if conscience and intellect alike are not be stunted, great enthusiasms, the great devotions; who spends himself in a worthy cause; Such is the only true democratic It’s about standing strong when tested. GRANTS We should not say that men are equal when they are not equal, nor proceed upon the assumption that there is an equality where it does not exist; but we should strive to bring about a measurable equality, at least to the extent of preventing the inequality which is due to force or fraud. As yet, as a rule, each nation is of necessity to judge for itself in matters of vital importance between it and its neighbors, and actions must of necessity, where this is the case, be different from what they are where, as among private citizens, there is an outside force whose action is all-powerful and must be invoked in any crisis of importance. test, the only test that can with propriety be applied in a republic. looking ahead, to try to encourage and build up every movement which If the failure is due to deliberate and willful fault, then it is not merely a misfortune, it is one of those crimes of ease and self-indulgence, of shrinking from pain and effort and risk, which in the long run Nature punishes more heavily than any other. When the French peasantry sang of Malbrook, it was to tell how If the next step is should beware, and that is of the man who appeals to them to support him no greater need to-day than the need to keep ever in mind the fact that Still less room is there for those who deride or slight what is done by those who actually bear the brunt of the day; nor yet for those others who always profess that they would like to take action, if only the conditions of life were not exactly what they actually are. nations is normally a strongly patriotic nation. The impractical visionary is far less often the guide and precursor than he is the embittered foe of the real reformer, of the man who, with stumblings and shortcomings, yet does in some shape, in practical fashion, give effect to the hopes and desires of those who strive for better things. does his work well; for any other course is to create a new kind of at the expense of other citizens of the republic. whether he appeals to class hatred or class interest, to religious or Let us try to level up, The poorest way to face life is to face it with a sneer. Roosevelt was en route back to the United States after a year-long expedition he’d taken on behalf of the Smithsonian Museum. teaches us that the average man who protests that his international Virtue which is dependent upon a sluggish circulation is not impressive. But it is the way in which it has been earned or used, and not the mere fact of wealth, that entitles him to the credit. There is no greater need to-day than the need to keep ever in mind the fact that the cleavage between right and wrong, between good citizenship and bad citizenship, runs at right angles to, and not parallel with, the lines of cleavage between class and class, between occupation and occupation. EXCERPT FROM THEODORE ROOSEVELT, “THE MAN IN THE ARENA,” SPEECH DELIVERED IN PARIS, FRANCE, ON APRIL 23, 1910. Mendacity, slander, sensationalism, inanity, vapid triviality, all are potent factors for the debauchery of the public mind and conscience. He is useless if he is inefficient. different spirit from that in which an honorable man would treat other Some such succeed and triumphs gain, Others strive but all in vain. In practically applying this principle to the two sets of cases there LIST SITE INDEX As the country grows, its people, who have won success in so many lines, turn back to try to recover the possessions of the mind and the spirit, which perforce their fathers threw aside in order better to wage the first rough battles for the continent their children inherit. against your interest. will do something wrong in your interest, you can be absolutely certain cowboy, and we came upon a maverick. The Man in the Arena Framed, The Man in the Arena Sign, Office Sign, Inspirational Sign, Hand-crafted Barnwood Frame Museum Quality Canvas RandysDesign 5 out of … Let the man of learning, the man of lettered leisure, beware of that queer and cheap temptation to pose to himself and to others as a cynic, as the man who has outgrown emotions and beliefs, the man to whom good and evil are as one. condemnation should be extended to the arrogance which would look down The question must be, is it right to prevail? Of one man in especial, beyond any one else, the citizens of a republic should beware, and that is of the man who appeals to them to support him on the ground that he is hostile to other citizens of the republic, that he will secure for those who elect him, in one shape or another, profit at the expense of other citizens of the republic. If on a round-up an animal was passed by, the following year it would appear as an unbranded yearling, and was then called a maverick. grow stronger and stronger until in some way or other there develops the US, "Citizenship In A Republic", delivered at the Sorbonne, in Paris, France on The Man in the Arena “It is not the critic who counts; not the man who points out how the strong man stumbles, or where the doer of deeds could have done them better. So much for the citizenship to the individual in This every one who is not cursed with the pride of the closet philosopher will see, if he will only take the trouble to think about some of our commonest phenomena. There have been many republics in the past, both in what we call as his own. No refinement of life, no delicacy of taste, no material progress, no sordid heaping up of riches, no sensuous development of art and literature, can in any way compensate for the loss of the great fundamental virtues; and of these great fundamental virtues the greatest is the race’s power to perpetuate the race. On the other hand, it is foolish to reject a It is the duty of every honest statesman to try to guide the nation so that it shall not wrong any other nation. All journalists, all writers, for the very reason that they appreciate the vast possibilities of their profession, should bear testimony against those who deeply discredit it. The most famous lines of the speech are as follows: The most famous lines of the speech are as follows: It is not the critic who counts; not the man who points out how the strong man stumbles, or … foolish to refuse all progress because people demanding it desire at Money-making, the money touch, I have spoken of above. duties of citizenship which the State, the aggregation of all the If it seems good, try it. The man in the arena speech changed how I perceive both the accomplishments and the undoings of others. proposal merely because it is advanced by visionaries. us desist from the effort to do away with the inequality which means It is not the critic who counts; not the man who points out how the strong manof deeds pride he will see to it that others receive liberty which he thus claims But as yet the great civilized peoples, if they are to be true to themselves and to the cause of humanity and civilization, must keep in mind that in the last resort they must possess both the will and the power to resent wrong-doing from others. They know that they are responsible On the contrary, just as I think that the man who loves his family is more apt to be a good neighbor than the man who does not, so I think that the most useful member of the family of nations is normally a strongly patriotic nation. The "Man in the Arena" passage was quoted by another US president Richard Nixon, both in his victory speech on November 6, 1968, and in his resignation address to the nation on August 8, 1974: If it proves good, accept it; otherwise reject it. The Man in the Arena is a famous passage from the speech Citizenship in a Republic, given by by Theodore Roosevelt. happen to come in a certain social category, for judgement awarded them It is the duty of wise statesman, gifted with the power of The overbearing brutality of Finally, even more important than ability to work, even more important than ability to fight at need, is it to remember that the chief of blessings for any nation is that it shall leave its seed to inherit the land. The need that the average man shall work is so obvious as hardly to warrant insistence. I said to him, "It So-and-so's http://www.worldfuturefund.org, INTRODUCTION DESCRIPTION The first essential in any civilization is that the man and the woman shall be father and mother of healthy children, so that the race shall increase and not decrease. The good citizen is not a good citizen unless he is an efficient citizen. The new life thus sought can in part be developed afresh from what is roundabout in the New World; but it can be developed in full only by freely drawing upon the treasure-houses of the Old World, upon the treasures stored in the ancient abodes of wisdom and learning, such as this where I speak to-day. A calamity to you would be a sorrow to us. true to themselves and to the cause of humanity and civilization, must To say that the thriftless, the lazy, the vicious, the incapable, ought NOTICE CONTACT present, if a man can view his own country and all others countries from speak of international law; but international law is something wholly Let him remember also that the worth of the ideal must be largely determined by the success with which it can in practice be realized. The very last thing an intelligent and self-respecting member of a democratic community should do is to reward any public man because that public man says that he will get the private citizen something to which this private citizen is not entitled, or will gratify some emotion or animosity which this private citizen ought not to possess. Are the great laws of righteousness once more to be fulfilled? They fell, and the prime factor in their fall was the fact that the parties tended to divide along the line that separates wealth from poverty. not the man who points out how the strong man stumbles, or where the doer of deeds could have done them better. I said to him, “It’s so-and-so’s brand,” naming the man on whose range we happened to be. along the wealth that separates wealth from poverty. itself in matters of vital importance between it and its neighbors, and On May 5, 1910 he gave his Nobel Prize speech. Now you go straight back to the ranch and get whatever is I was putting on your brand.” And I answered: “Yes, my friend, and if you will steal for me then you will steal from me.”. republic fell under the rule of and oligarchy or the rule of a mob. charm, some special gift of beauty or wisdom of strength, which puts injustice; the inequality of right, opportunity, of privilege. arena, whose face is marred by dust and sweat and blood; who strives valiantly; HELP WANTED Long may you carry yourselves proudly as citizens of a nation which bears a leading part in the teaching and uplifting of mankind. The man in the arena is everyone who has chosen to live their own lives. CITIZEN When the French peasantry sang of Malbrook, it was to tell how the soul of this warrior-foe took flight upward through the laurels he had won. It makes no difference whether he appeals to class hatred or class interest, to religious or anti-religious prejudice. They mark the men unfit to bear their part painfully in the stern strife of living, who seek, in the affectation of contempt for the achievement of others, to hide from others and from themselves their own weakness. Indeed, it is a sign of marked political weakness in any commonwealth if the people tend to be carried away by mere oratory, if they tend to value words in and for themselves, as divorced from the deeds for which they are supposed to stand. It is not good to excite that bitter laughter which expresses contempt; and contempt is what we feel for the being whose enthusiasm to benefit mankind is such that he is a burden to those nearest him; who wishes to do great things for humanity in the abstract, but who cannot keep his wife in comfort or educate his children. It is well if a large proportion of the leaders in any republic, in any democracy, are, as a matter of course, drawn from the classes represented in this audience to-day; but only provided that those classes possess the gifts of sympathy with plain people and of devotion to great ideals. But all that the oratory can do of value to the community is enable the man thus to explain himself; if it enables the orator to put false values on things, it merely makes him a power for mischief. fortunate brethren is at heart the same as the greedy and violent Character must show itself in the man’s performance both of the duty he owes himself and of the duty he owes the state. and disinterested friendship. in the line that separates class from class, occupation from occupation, But as yet the great civilized peoples, if they are to be Bitter internecine hatreds, PUBLICATIONS You and those like you have received special advantages; you have all of you had the opportunity for mental training; many of you have had leisure; most of you have had a chance for enjoyment of life far greater than comes to the majority of your fellows. We roped and threw it; then we built a fire, took out a cinch-ring, heated it in the fire; and then the cowboy started to put on the brand. There should, so far as possible, be whatever his station, who seeks to make his countrymen divide primarily privilege, the privilege of folly and weakness; and special privilege is It is just as There are well-meaning philosophers who declaim against the unrighteousness of war. Perhaps the most important thing the ordinary citizen, and, above all, the leader of ordinary citizens, has to remember in political life is that he must not be a sheer doctrinaire. yourselves proudly as citizens of a nation which bears a leading part in As yet, as a rule, each nation is of necessity to judge for shall have an equal opportunity to show the stuff that is in him by the But if a man lies down, it is a waste of time to try them among the immortals, which makes them rank forever with the leaders citizenship, runs at right angles to, and not parallel with, the lines have done them better. It is in this speech, given a year after his presidency ended, that we find one of Roosevelt’s most cited passages on the man in the arena: It is not the critic who counts; not the man who points out how the strong man stumbles, or where the doer of deeds could have done them better. Therefore it behooves us to do our best to see that the standard of the average citizen is kept high; and the average cannot be kept high unless the standard of the leaders is very much higher. of that fanaticism which, whether religious or antireligious, democratic never be with those cold and timid souls who neither know victory nor defeat.". injustice, whatever form it takes. different from private of municipal law, and the capital difference is Much of the discussion about socialism and individualism is entirely pointless, because of the failure to agree on terminology. Theodore Roosevelt On The Media And Journalism: All journalists, all writers, for the very reason … In conditions so primitive there can be but a primitive culture. My position as regards the moneyed interests can be put in a few words. antiquity and in what we call the Middle Ages. believe that a man must be a good patriot before he can be, and as the Wide The Man In The Arena "It is not the critic who counts, not the man who points out how the strong man stumbles, or where the doer of deeds could have done them better. persecuted. the soul of this warrior-foe took flight upward through the laurels he But if a man’s efficiency is not guided and regulated by a moral sense, then the more efficient he is the worse he is, the more dangerous to the body politic. He must have those qualities which make for efficiency; and he also must have those qualities which direct the efficiency into channels for the public good. however intense his activities, he need have no fear that they will be But it is such a crime because it is unjust, not because it is a war. If this is not so, if through no fault of the society there is failure to increase, it is a great misfortune. in his dealings as a private citizen with other private citizens. If a given scheme is proposed, look at it on its merits, and, in considering it, disregard formulas. Such a creature is the worst enemy of the body politic. A cynical habit of thought and speech, a readiness to criticize work which the critic himself never tries to perform, an intellectual aloofness which will not accept contact with life’s realities—all these are marks, not as the possessor would fain to think, of superiority, but of weakness. It is not the critic who counts; not the man who points out how the strong man stumbles or where the doer of deeds could have done them better. demagogue who excites those who have not property to plunder those who The phrase-maker, the phrase-monger, the ready talker, however great his power, whose speech does not make for courage, sobriety, and right understanding, is simply a noxious element in the body politic, and it speaks ill for the public if he has influence over them. man who loves his family is more apt to be a good neighbor than the man To say that the thriftless, the lazy, the vicious, the incapable, ought to have reward given to those who are far-sighted, capable, and upright, is to say what is not true and cannot be true. I answered: "Oh, Class hatred is bad in just the same way, and without regard men of more wealth from men of less wealth, instead of remembering that against him. There remain the duties of the individual in relation to the State, and these duties are none too easy under the conditions which exist where the effort is made to carry on the free government in a complex industrial civilization. | Foremost among these I should include two very distinct gifts—the gift of money-making and the gift of oratory. We are bound in honor to strive to bring even nearer the day when, as far as is humanly possible, we shall be able to realize the ideal that each man shall have an equal opportunity to show the stuff that is in him by the way in which he renders service. They defined with tolerable distinctness in what they did consider all men created equal—equal in certain inalienable rights, among which are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. The brilliant gallantry of the French soldier has for many centuries been proverbial; and during these same centuries at every court in Europe the “freemasons of fashion” have treated the French tongue as their common speech; while every artist and man of letters, and every man of science able to appreciate that marvelous instrument of precision, French prose, has turned toward France for aid and inspiration. bound in honor to strive to bring ever nearer the day when, as far is But we should not take part in acting a lie any more than in telling a lie. settlement of international disputes. The children of their successors and supplanters, and then their children and their children and children’s children, change and develop with extraordinary rapidity. In a republic, to be successful we must learn to combine intensity of conviction with a broad tolerance of difference of conviction. France is one of these nations. If a public man tried to get your vote by saying that he will do something wrong in your interest, you can be absolutely certain that if ever it becomes worth his while he will do something wrong against your interest. A number of years ago I was engaged in cattle-ranching on the great plains of the western United States. In the next place, the good man should be both a strong and a brave man; that is, he should be able to fight, he should be able to serve his country as a soldier, if the need arises. The role is easy; there is none easier, save only the role of the man who sneers alike at both criticism and performance. in a lofty morality preach righteousness; but they do not preach The ancient friendship there were not left men who would valiantly fight for it. The credit belongs to the man who is actually in the arena, whose face is marred by dust and sweat and However broad and deep a man’s sympathies, however intense his activities, he need have no fear that they will be cramped by love of his native land. "That's all right; I always put on the boss's brand." dire disaster, said that the realm of France was never so stricken that while there is no such outside force to compel obedience as regards to dim future all moral needs and moral standards may change; but at for loyalty to a nation, of substitutes hatred of men because they Long may you carry Such is the only true democratic test, the only test that can with propriety be applied in a republic. On the contrary, just as I think that the By the custom of the country We believe President Roosevelt sends his greetings to the children of the Sunday School Union who are prepar... President Roosevelt was pleased to hear of the purpose and work of the Lyceum League of America. It is not the critic who counts: not the man who points out how the strong man stumbles or where the doer of deeds could have done better. Terms of Use feel that the same reward will come to those who shirk their work and The man who makes such an appeal should always You and I belong to the only two republics among the great powers of the world. Let me The cattle wandered free, the ownership of each being determined by the brand; the calves were branded with the brand of the cows they followed. So much for the citizenship of the individual in his relations to his family, to his neighbor, to the State. period. | Remember always that the same measure of condemnation should be extended to the arrogance which would look down upon or crush any man because he is poor and to envy and hatred which would destroy a man because he is wealthy. Probably the best test of true love of liberty in any The man who, if born to wealth and power, exploits and ruins his less fortunate brethren is at heart the same as the greedy and violent demagogue who excites those who have not property to plunder those who have. You and I belong to the only two conviction with a broad tolerance of difference of conviction. He must pull his own weight first, and only after this can his surplus strength be of use to the general public. Let us, then, take into account the actual facts of life and not be misled into following any proposal for achieving the millennium, for recreating the golden age, until we have subjected it to hardheaded examination. Not But it would be more than that. his dealing with other nations, any more than he should act deceitfully a good thing to help him to his feet. I do that our ideals should be so high, but not so high as to make it according to their conduct. differences of opinion in matters of religious, political, and social There is need in business, as in most other forms of human activity, of the great guiding intelligences. he will secure for those who elect him, in one shape or another, profit in Dakota Territory. 23 April, 1910, "It is not the critic who counts; not the man He should be trained to do so, and should be trained to feel that he occupies a contemptible position if he does not do so; that he is not an object of envy if he is idle, at whichever end of the social scale he stands, but an object of contempt, an object of derision. power to make it respected. those who do it. to be a citizen of any one country, because he is the citizen of the To you and your kind much has been given, and from you much should be expected. I speak to a brilliant assemblage; I speak in a great university which represents the flower of the highest intellectual development; I pay all homage to intellect, and to elaborate and specialized training of the intellect; and yet I know I shall have the assent of all of you present when I add that more important still are the commonplace, every-day qualities and virtues. The credit belongs to the man who is actually in the arena may not be highly disadvantageous to take the next. If a man stumbles, it is a good thing to help him to his feet. In a world where politicians, athletes, and everyday workers are being meticulously “evaluated” every day, this statement allays Roosevelt with the common man. France is one of these nations. What does Theodore Roosevelt’s “The Man in the Arena” mean when taken in the context of his entire “Citizenship in a Republic” speech from which it is excerpted? impossible measurably to realize them. The credit belongs to the man who is actually would destroy a man because he is wealthy. The good citizen will demand liberty for himself, and as a matter of pride he will see to it that others receive liberty which he thus claims as his own. There are plenty of good men calling themselves Socialists with whom, up to a certain point, it is quite possible to work. and carry him; and it is a very bad thing for every one if we make men is, of course, a great practical difference to be taken into account. However broad and deep a man's sympathies, generous gallantry that she can teach better than any of her sister Today I shall speak to you on the subject of individual citizenship, the one subject of vital importance to you, my hearers, and to me and my countrymen, because you and we are great citizens of great democratic republics. He can do, and he often does, infinite mischief. In the way in which he renders service. MAN IN THE ARENA SPEECH Theodore Roosevelt Complete Text "Citizenship In A Republic", delivered at the Sorbonne, in Paris, France on 23 April, 1910 So it is with the orator. the teaching and uplifting of mankind. There were no fences. We must ever remember that no keenness and subtleness of intellect, no polish, no cleverness, in any way make up for the lack of the great solid qualities. antireligious prejudice. it is that he does his work ill. keep in mind that in the last resort they must possess both the will and brand," naming the man on whose range we happened to be. based on such differences, are signs, not of earnestness of belief, but these mavericks were branded with the brand of the man on whose range the same level with tepid indifference, it is wise to distrust him, just The man who, for any cause for which he is himself accountable, has failed to support himself and those for whom he is responsible, ought to feel that he has fallen lamentably short in his prime duty. Every honorable effort should always be made to avoid war, just as every honorable effort should always be made by the individual in private life to keep out of a brawl, to keep out of trouble; but no self-respecting individual, no self-respecting nation, can or ought to submit to wrong. The Man in the Arena passage emphasizes the importance of action and striving towards worthy goals in life over idle criticism, laziness and inaction. inequality of service there should and must be inequality of reward. who would not stand for justice though the whole world came in arms Who is the man in the arena from Theodore Roosevelt’s famous speech? Offenses against taste and morals, which are bad enough in a private citizen, are infinitely worse if made into instruments for debauching the community through a newspaper. He answered: “That’s all right, boss; I know my business.” In another moment I said to him: “Hold on, you are putting on my brand!” To which he answered: “That’s all right; I always put on the boss’s brand.” I answered: “Oh, very well. The leaders of thought and of action grope their way forward to a new life, realizing, sometimes dimly, sometimes clear-sightedly, that the life of material gain, whether for a nation or an individual, is of value only as a foundation, only as there is added to it the uplift that comes from devotion to loftier ideals. To judge a man merely by success is an abhorrent wrong; and if the people at large habitually so judge men, if they grow to condone wickedness because the wicked man triumphs, they show their inability to understand that in the last analysis free institutions rest upon the character of citizenship, and that by such admiration of evil they prove themselves unfit for liberty. his relations to his family, to his neighbor, to the State. If the next step is one which both we and they wish to take, why of course take it, without any regard to the fact that our views as to the tenth step may differ. With you here, and with us in my own home, in the long run, success or failure will be conditioned upon the way in which the average man, the average woman, does his or her duty, first in the ordinary, every-day affairs of life, and next in those great occasional cries which call for heroic virtues. importance. very last thing an intelligent and self-respecting member of a The primeval conditions must be met by the primeval qualities which are incompatible with the retention of much that has been painfully acquired by humanity as through the ages it has striven upward toward civilization. It is the duty of wise statesmen, gifted with the power of looking ahead, to try to encourage and build up every movement which will substitute or tend to substitute some other agency for force in the settlement of international disputes. I believe, of course, in giving to all the people a good education. The speech, best known for its Man in the Arena passage, outlines TR's thoughts about the duties and responsibilities of state to citizen and citizen to state. There is need of a sound body, and even more of a sound mind. nations. To admire the gift of oratory without regard to the moral quality behind the gift is to do wrong to the republic. Means to wrest victory from the same hostile forces with which mankind struggled in least... Can lead lives of leisure circulation is not good to be successful we must learn to combine of! Who proposes it, disregard formulas rule of one man or very few men, the same principle applies. Boss ; I know my business. am no advocate for a cosmopolitanism... Of course, in considering it, or why all of us need to aspire be. Of leveling down and was 35 pages long he jumped up and said: `` on! Know my business. should be able to achieve them in practical fashion can be but a culture... 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The moral quality behind the gift of money-making and the United States has been, on the other,... Moneyed interests can be put in a republic is saved by weakness robust... Dreadful thing, and we came upon a sluggish circulation is not so, if through no fault of discussion. Trip came in the Arena ” be a sorrow to us to live their own lives quite possible to.!
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