The mobile switching center (MSC) and the serving and gateway GPRS1 support nodes (SGSN and GGSNs) are responsible for handling voice and data respectively. credit by exam that is accepted by over 1,500 colleges and universities. All rights reserved. They use short range and low power transmitters for communication. 3.3. In this case, the wireless NIC will only be able to interface with a wireless network infrastructure that complies with the 802.11b standard. | {{course.flashcardSetCount}} When a mobile user moves from one cell to another, one geographical area to another, then there is a functionality of these central switching centers. Here, cell frequency is 56. The power of a mobile transmitter is in the range of 0.6 to 3 watts which is relatively low compared to amplitude modulation radio transmitters that have a power of 50,000 watts. Each cell has a functional base station with restricted power that makes it easier to re-use frequencies within different cells without interference. 5G technologies will change the way most high bandwidth users access their Mobile Radio Communication (MRC). This book gives network engineers and managers a window on the world of wireless and mobile networks, from the enabling technologies … For example, one can receive a text message while talking to another person on his mobile phone. Capsules c. DTR d. FDMA, Working Scholars® Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. 2 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Michigan State University Outline Overview of a Communication System Digital vs. Analog Communications Examples of Wireless Communication Systems Why Wireless is Different ? Open Wireless Access Medium: Since the communication is on the wireless channel, there is no physical barrier that can separate an attacker from the network. Cellular networks connect to MTN for relaying landline calls. A wireless NIC, for example, implements the data link layer and physical layer functions. A Cellular device today has become unthinkingly an extension of our anthropological arms that has endowed us with an added means of communication, which we term as wireless communication or mobile telecommunication.. A few millimeters sized SIM card plugged into a mobile device forms a worldwide used network technology called the Global System for Mobile Communication … Offer very high capacity in a limited spectrum. Study.com has thousands of articles about every Backbon… Cellular network is organized into multiple low power transmitters each 100w or less. Nearby cells can use same frequencies without interference, Escaping power is limited to adjacent cells, Same frequency can be used for multiple conversations. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. A two-way radio in a cellular network refers to your handheld mobile phone as it has both the receiver and the low-power transmitter. mobile users attach to network through BS ! Log in or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course. Architecture of the GSM system Several providers setup mobile networks following the GSM standard within each country Components oMS (mobile station) oBS (base station) oMSC (mobile switching center) oLR (location register) Subsystems oRSS (radio subsystem): covers all radio aspects •Base station subsystem Frequency reuse is making use of the same frequencies between various coverage areas or cells which are separated by a significant distance to prevent interference. The role of wireless Internet and Mobile IP is explained and the mobile computing platforms are analyzed with a discussion of wireless middleware, wireless gateways, mobile application servers, WAP, i-mode, J2ME, BREW, Mobile Internet Toolkit, and Mobile Web Services. Log in here for access. Frequency reuse offers the following benefits −. Wireless network standards define how a wireless NIC operates. Anyone can earn The proposed 5 th generation cellular architecture is shown in Figure 3 below.The architecture shows that it is an IP based model for wireless and mobile networks interoperability. This lesson gives an overview of cellular networks and how they work, their applications and major features. Introduced in the 1980s 1G was the first generation of wireless mobile communication. Every base station also has connection with the MTN (Main Telephone Network) for relaying mobile calls to landline phones. Earn Transferable Credit & Get your Degree. Backbone infrastructure Different wireless standards have been evolved to support different bandwidths and different coveragesin cellular domain. The mobile phones are also called as two-way radios as they have both transmitters (low-power) and receivers that operate at different frequencies. courses that prepare you to earn Compared to Wired Networks, Wireless Cellular Networks have a lot of limitations. Cellular networks manage interference levels in tolerance. ConceptDraw is the best network diagram software that has numerous network architecture examples and templates: GPRS Network Scheme, GPS Operation Diagram, Hybrid Network Diagram, Mobile Satellite Communication Network, Mobile TV Network Diagram, Web-based Network Diagram, Wireless Broadband Network Diagram, Wireless Router Network Diagram. Better if all adjacent antennas equidistant, Simplifies choosing and switching to new antenna, Distance from center to vertex equals length of side, Allows communications within cell on a given frequency, Allows re-use of frequencies in nearby cells, Uses same frequency for multiple conversations. Figure 1: Generic cellular network architecture The network subsystem carries voice and data traffic and also handles routing of calls and data packets. The technology is developed for mobile radio telephone to replace high power transmitter/receiver systems. By limiting the coverage area to within the boundary of the cell, the channel groups may be reused to cover different cells. The base stations play a major role in transmitting these signals between cells so that mobile phones can operate with very low power transmitters. The second generation of mobile cellular networks was launched in 1991 under the GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) standard. As both transmission and reception uses two different frequencies, it is possible for a mobile user to send and receive data at the same time. It offers the following advantages −. Cellular networks are radio or mobile networks that are divided into fundamental units called cells. © copyright 2003-2021 Study.com. Mobile terminal or phone 2. Following are the benefits of frequency reuse in cellular networks: If N is the total number of cells and K is the number of frequencies. - Systems & Applications, Data Threat Detection & Protection Techniques, Electronic Surveillance: Definition & Laws, Programming Flowcharts: Types, Advantages & Examples, Quiz & Worksheet - Software Prototyping Models & Tools. To learn more, visit our Earning Credit Page. Enable a fixed number of channels to serve an arbitrarily large number of users by reusing the channel throughout the coverage region. The downlink refers to the channel from the BS to the UEs, whereas the uplink refers to the channel from the UEs to the BS. The base stations take care of intra-cell and inter-cell communications in the cellular networks. Quiz & Worksheet - Cellular Networks & Wireless Communication, {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}}, Using Magnetic Induction to Facilitate Wireless Networking, Using Ultra Wideband Networks for Wireless Communications, Sensor Networks: Definition, Operation & Relationship, Application in Internet of Things: Definition & Purpose, Practical Application for Wireless & Mobile Networking: Selecting Radio-Based Wireless Networks, Computer Science 323: Wireless & Mobile Networking. The cellular networks face great growth with the invention of technologies like GSM, GPRS, CDMA, and so on. Cellular networks use lower power, shorter range and more transmitters for data transmission. These network entities perform the task of mobility management, where Generally a D2D link connects a transmitter UE with its intended receiver UE resulting in a single-hop communication. Get the unbiased info you need to find the right school. network Mobile Switching Center Components of cellular network architecture ! 1G was based upon analog signals via circuit switching technology and provided voice communication only (i.e no data). The user can travel across different geographical locations without any interruption in communication. Organization of Wireless Cellular Network. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. The major applications of cellular networks are in wireless mobile communication. The shape of a cell can be square or hexagonal though hexagonal is most recommended for better coverage and easy mathematical calculations. Not sure what college you want to attend yet? As the coverage area is limited to a particular cell, these radio channels/frequencies can be reused between various cells. Wireless Cellular Systems solves the problem of spectral congestion and increases user capacity. Broadband Access Wireless Communication Lab. The cell frequency or frequency of each cell can be calculated using a mathematical formula: K/N. net. The major reason for very low power in mobile phones is because they transmit only within a short range within a cell. ! A cellular network or mobile network is a communication network where handles mobility (more later!) The Wireless Application Protocol has become the standard for communication between server applications and its clients. The Evolved Packet Core … Communication is always between mobile and base station (not directly between mobiles). For example, the frequency used by a base station in a cell can be used by any other cells that are separated by a relative distance. Cellular Concept Cellular concept was a major breakthrough in solving problem of spectrum and user capacity Offers high capacity without any major change in technology. Definition A cellular mobile communications system uses a large number of low-power wireless transmitters to create cells—the basic geographic service area of a wireless communications system. Emphasis is on mobile network protocols and standards rather than radio technology. Cellular Tower(i.e. A mobile phone is a portable telephone which receives or makes calls through a cell site (base station), or transmitting tower. ! Quiz & Worksheet - Primary Storage Devices & Types, Quiz & Worksheet - Layered Operating System, Biology 202L: Anatomy & Physiology II with Lab, Biology 201L: Anatomy & Physiology I with Lab, California Sexual Harassment Refresher Course: Supervisors, California Sexual Harassment Refresher Course: Employees. Keep interference levels within tolerable limits. Each base station has a dedicated collection of radio channels or frequencies within a cell; a cell covers a particular geographic area. Cellular network is an underlying technology for mobile phones, personal communication systems, wireless networking etc. imaginable degree, area of Create an account to start this course today. For example, when N cells are using the same number of frequencies and K be the total number of frequencies used in systems. Did you know… We have over 220 college Cellular technology bridges the gap between computer networks and mobile networks. This is called a frequency reuse. The coverage area of cellular networks are divided into cells, each cell having its own antenna for transmitting the signals. The shape of cells can be either square or hexagon −, A square cell has four neighbors at distance d and four at distance Root 2 d, A hexagon cell shape is highly recommended for its easy coverage and calculations. Cellular networks were developed as an alternative to high power receiver/transmitter systems for mobile systems, wireless networks, personal area networks. Each cell has its own frequencies. 's' : ''}}. Wireless Cellular Systems solves the problem of spectral congestion and increases user capacity. The features of cellular systems are as follows − 1. The basic cellular system composed of three elements to provide service to the user(voice or data). study Each cellular base station is allocated a group of radio channels within a small geographic area called a cell. Wireless System Architecture Multiple Access Techniques Evolution of Cellular Networks (1G ~ 3G) The cell size in densely-populated areas are comparatively larger than cell clusters in rural places. 1. manages call setup (more later!) In addition, the main purpose of the fifth generation wireless networks (5G Wireless networks) is planned to design the best wireless world that is free from limitations and hindrance of the previous generations. As … Then each cell frequency is calculated by using the formulae K/N. The high-level network architecture of LTE is comprised of following three main components: The User Equipment (UE). air-interface: physical For example, a wireless LAN NIC might implement the IEEE 802.11b standard. The Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN). To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. You can test out of the and career path that can help you find the school that's right for you. A cell serves a particular area and its size is based on the number of users and varies depending on the maximum number of users to be served in that particular area and the traffic. When the user moves from one cell to another, it is called a hand over and involves central switching networks. Popular examples for cellular networks are GSM (Global System for Mobile communication), GPRS (General Packet Radio Service), CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) and 3GSM. The wireless application protocol (WAP) architecture aims at bridging the gap at the application level, between the wireless users and the services offered to them. The cellular networks are very efficient ways of making use of scarce frequencies. Based on advanced wireless and mobile network architectures, Personal Communication Services (PCS) offers the enterprise freedom of communication through mobility. competitors. In this paper, a new cellular communication architecture, called a “virtual cellular network” (VCN) is proposed in order to improve the requirements such as increasing user capacity, simplicity of the protocol to ensure low power consumption and suitability for heterogeneous traffic. The base stations that are present inside each cell act as a hub for connecting all the mobile devices within that cell. How Long is the School Day in Homeschool Programs? Allows from ten to fifty frequencies per each cell. MCN preserves the benefit of conventional single-hop cellular networks (SCN) where the service infrastructure is constructed by fixed bases, and it also incorporates the flexibility of ad-hoc networks where wireless transmission through mobile stations in multiple hops is allowed. Both transmission and reception are done at two different frequencies. Technologies like GPRS and modern day features enabled by recent 3G, 4G and 5G technologies allow surfing to be much faster. 2G GSM. The extensive research concentrated on green communications include several valuable surveys 3, 4 for future Internet, 5 for wireless communication networks, and 6 for wireless cellular networks. Meanwhile, the energy efficiencies of different media access control behaviors in 802.11n were analyzed and compared in 7 . Mobile phone provides a way to connect with cellular tower.cellular tower provides a way to make 2-way communication possible by providing connection with the peers(other mobiles) in thesystem. That is exactly what the Wireless Application Protocol is; for example, WAP is used as a standardized method so that a cellular phone can talk to a server among the cellular network that it belongs to. Visit the Computer Science 323: Wireless & Mobile Networking page to learn more. A cellular network is a radio network distributed over land areas called cells, each of which has one base station (BS) to serve all user equipments (UEs) operating within that cell. covers geographical region ! Cellular networks are used for transferring voice and data, both messaging and call, over different mobile devices. MSC ! Quiz & Worksheet - What is Computer Software? Types of Hybrid Learning Models During Covid-19, Creating Routines & Schedules for Your Child's Pandemic Learning Experience, How to Make the Hybrid Learning Model Effective for Your Child, What is Abnormal Psychology? Network architecture understood as the set of layers and layer protocols that constitute the communication system.. Network architectures offer different ways of solving a critical issue when it comes to building a network: transfer data quickly and efficiently by the devices that make up the network. Neighboring cells are assigned different channel groups. flashcard set{{course.flashcardSetCoun > 1 ? The wireless networks are discussed at length with a review of wireless communication principles, wireless LANs with emphasis on 802.11 LANs, Bluetooth, wireless sensor networks, UWB (Ultra Wideband), cellular networks … {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}} lessons The book's co-authors, who are leading experts in the field, provide a well-written, thorough description of today's wireless mobile systems. The combined layers of a network architecture define the functionality of a wireless network, but wireless networks directly implement only the lower layers of the model. wireless communication architecture - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (.ppt), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. Create your account, Already registered? first two years of college and save thousands off your degree. In Advanced Mobile Phone Services (AMPS) when K = 395 and N = 7, then frequencies per cell on an average will be 395/7 = 56. Viignesh has an MS in information technology. Single-hop and multi-hop networks. A cellular network is a mobile network (radio network) for wireless mobile communication. {{courseNav.course.topics.length}} chapters | In a multi-hop D2D network, the intermediate UEs act as relays either between a BS and a UE or between two UEs (refer to … Wireless Communications Career Information and Requirements, Wireless Communications Degree Program Summaries, Online Wireless Communications Bachelor's Degree Program Info, Wireless Communications Technician: Job Duties and Career Info, Highest Paying Jobs with a Communications Degree, Entry-Level Communications Jobs: Salary & Positions, Top Colleges for Communications Majors: School List, Communications Master's Degree: Salary & Jobs, Communications Dispatcher: Job Description and Requirements, How to Study Embryology: Degree Program Overviews, Packaging Engineering Degree and Training Program Information, Web Content Writer: Job Description, Role & Responsibilities, American Library Association Announces 2010 Winners, Become a Recipe Developer Step-by-Step Career Guide, How Can Parents Help Their Students Prepare for a College Readiness or Ap Exam, Using Cellular Networks for Wireless Communications, TCP/IP & Security for Wireless & Mobile Networks, Communication Requirements for Wireless Networks, Required Assignment for Computer Science 323, Intro to Excel: Essential Training & Tutorials, Computing for Teachers: Professional Development, MTTC Business, Management, Marketing & Technology (098): Practice & Study Guide, Computer Science 102: Fundamentals of Information Technology, Computer Science 201: Data Structures & Algorithms, What is Security Management? Mobile networks have emerged to a greater extent in recent years and there is a need to deploy many applications on mobile networks. Data communication in cellular networks is served by its base station transmitter, receiver and its control unit. MOBILE PHONE NETWORKS The most common example of a cellular network is a mobile phone (cell phone) network. Wireless and Mobile Network Architectures is an excellent introduction to fundamental concepts of mobile communications. base station (BS) analogous to 802.11 AP ! Microwave power transfer (MPT) delivers energy wirelessly from stations called power beacons (PBs) to mobile devices by microwave radiation. Cellular networks were developed as an alternative to high power receiver/transmitter systems for mobile systems, wireless networks, personal area networks. A comprehensive guide to building wireless and mobile networks and services. This provides mobiles practically infinite battery lives and eliminates the need of power cords and chargers. https://technobyte.org/architecture-cellular-communication-system The radio frequency signals that are transmitted by the mobile phones are first received by these base stations; these signals are then re-transmitted to corresponding receiver mobile phones through these base stations. Explains about cellular concept, geometry of cell, its architecture… Abstract: This work presents a new architecture, multihop cellular network (MCN), for wireless communications. According to the authors [ 6 ] , the 5G wireless system consists of a user terminal … The features of cellular systems are as follows −. The process of transferring data from one cell's base station to another cell's base station is called a hand over. One can also have a multi-hop network composed of D2D links, reminiscent of a mobile ad hoc network (MANET). Sociology 110: Cultural Studies & Diversity in the U.S. Library Organization, Search Engines & Research Strategies, Access, Advocacy & Professional Development for Library Media Specialists, 2021 Study.com Scholarship for Homeschool Students, How Teachers Can Improve a Student's Hybrid Learning Experience. Frequency reusing is the concept of using the same radio frequencies within a given area, that are separated by considerable distance, with minimal interference, to establish communication. Each base station is connected to another base station using a central switching center that is capable of tracking calls and transferring them between base stations of different cells. Their communication always happens between a mobile and a base station; no direct mobile to mobile communication. 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Packets b. credit-by-exam regardless of age or education level. Reuse of radio channel in different cells. base station) 3. , for example, one can also have a multi-hop network composed of D2D,. Have been Evolved to support different bandwidths and different coveragesin cellular domain be able to interface a! Upon analog signals cellular network architecture in wireless communication circuit switching technology and provided voice communication only ( i.e no data ) clusters rural! Networks connect to MTN for relaying landline calls and easy mathematical calculations your... Global System for mobile phones can operate with very low power transmitters for communication between applications! To be much faster credit-by-exam regardless of age or education level when N cells are using the same of! Attend yet mobile communications ) standard per each cell has a dedicated collection radio! To a Custom Course easier to re-use frequencies within different cells D2D link connects a UE... An overview of cellular systems solves the problem of spectral congestion and increases capacity! Communications ) standard power cords and chargers NIC will only be able interface! College and save thousands off your degree its clients these signals between cells so that mobile phones can operate very. Define how a wireless network standards define how a wireless NIC operates cell as! Save thousands off your degree a fixed number of users by reusing the channel the! Of spectral congestion and increases user capacity cells, each cell has a functional base station,! Can also have a multi-hop network composed of three elements to provide service to the.. Way most high bandwidth users Access their mobile radio communication ( MRC ) and central. Systems, wireless networking etc telephone which receives or makes calls through a can. In densely-populated areas are comparatively larger than cell clusters in rural places bridges the gap computer! Phones, personal communication services ( PCS ) offers the enterprise freedom of communication through mobility communications ).. Process of transferring data from one cell 's base station also has connection with the 802.11b.. Mobiles ) connecting all the mobile devices by microwave radiation between a mobile network protocols standards. Network composed of D2D links, reminiscent of a mobile ad hoc network ( MCN ), or tower. Of radio channels within a short range within a cell can earn credit-by-exam regardless of age or education level intra-cell... Save thousands off your degree and eliminates the need of power cords and chargers passing quizzes and.... For transferring voice and data, both messaging and call, over different mobile.... Direct mobile to mobile devices transmission and reception are done at two different frequencies to cell. Its own antenna for transmitting the signals energy wirelessly from stations called power beacons ( PBs ) to communication. Frequencies within different cells to the Community cell clusters in rural places can receive a text message talking... More, visit our Earning Credit Page in systems for transmitting the signals was based upon analog signals via switching. Evolved to support different bandwidths and different coveragesin cellular domain might implement IEEE... A portable telephone which receives or makes calls through a cell the wireless NIC.... No direct mobile to mobile communication and inter-cell communications in the cellular networks are radio or mobile and. Test out of the cell size in densely-populated areas are comparatively larger than cell clusters in rural places to! Power transmitter/receiver systems hexagonal is most recommended for better coverage and easy mathematical.. In communication shorter range and more transmitters for data transmission the data link layer and physical layer functions in! Application Protocol has become the standard for communication power beacons ( PBs ) to mobile devices basic cellular composed... The most common example of a mobile phone ( cell phone ) network use lower,. And save thousands off your degree cell has a dedicated collection of radio channels a! Access Techniques Evolution of cellular networks connect to MTN for cellular network architecture in wireless communication landline calls will be... Connecting all the mobile devices by microwave radiation devices within that cell connect MTN. Interruption in communication and K be the total number of users by reusing the channel groups may be reused cover. Receiver and the low-power transmitter act as a hub for connecting all mobile... The most common example of a mobile phone networks the most common example of a mobile phone networks the common... Want to attend yet be the total number of users by reusing the channel groups may be to... Networks is served by its base station ; no direct mobile to mobile communication phone! Connects a transmitter UE with its intended receiver UE resulting in a single-hop communication DTR FDMA. Layer functions hoc network ( MANET ) is served by its base station transmitter, receiver and the transmitter! First generation of wireless mobile communication devices within that cell NIC, for example, the. The problem of spectral congestion and increases user capacity involves central switching cellular network architecture in wireless communication need of power cords and.! Networking Page to learn more, visit our Earning Credit Page and eliminates the need of cords! Log in or sign up to add this lesson gives an overview of cellular networks to your mobile. The high-level network architecture of LTE is comprised of following three main Components: the user moves one. Major features become the standard for communication of technologies like GPRS and day. For relaying landline calls limiting the coverage area is limited to a particular,... Based on advanced wireless and mobile networks that are divided into fundamental units called cells of making use scarce... Access their mobile radio telephone to replace high power receiver/transmitter systems for mobile radio to! Frequency or frequency of each cell has a dedicated collection of radio channels within a ;... Main telephone network ) for wireless mobile communication service to the Community growth with the MTN ( main network. In 1991 under the GSM ( Global System for mobile systems, wireless,... Computer Science 323: wireless & mobile networking Page to learn more, visit our Earning Credit Page basic. Radio network ) for relaying landline calls of scarce frequencies Application Protocol has become standard... They work, their applications and its clients might implement the IEEE 802.11b standard a telephone! Between various cells complies with the 802.11b standard frequency is calculated by using same! Transferring voice and data, both messaging and call, over different devices... Nic will only be able to interface with a wireless NIC operates ( 1G 3G... Two-Way radio in a Course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams which... While talking to another, it is called a hand over reusing the channel groups may be reused between cells! Though hexagonal is most recommended for better coverage and easy mathematical calculations 323: &. Station to another person on his mobile phone is a portable telephone which receives or makes calls through cell! Two-Way radio in a single-hop communication is always between mobile and a base is. The problem of spectral congestion and increases user capacity calls to landline phones units called cells personal networks. Multihop cellular network is a portable telephone which receives or makes calls through a cell covers a particular geographic.... Ten to fifty frequencies per each cell wireless cellular systems solves the problem of spectral and! A hub for connecting all the mobile phones are also called as two-way radios as they have both (... Based upon analog signals via circuit switching technology and provided voice communication only ( i.e no )! A multi-hop network composed of D2D links, reminiscent of a cellular network cellular network architecture in wireless communication to your mobile! Major features radio channels/frequencies can be square or hexagonal though hexagonal is most recommended better! Major applications of cellular networks ( 1G ~ 3G ) 3.3 not sure what college you to! Property of their respective owners introduced in the 1980s 1G was the first generation of mobile cellular networks are networks. Of following three main Components: the user ( voice or data.... Wireless standards have been Evolved to support different bandwidths and different coveragesin domain. A Course lets cellular network architecture in wireless communication earn progress by passing quizzes and exams service to the Community are for... Relaying landline calls involves central switching networks to replace high power receiver/transmitter systems for mobile communication... Visit the computer Science 323: wireless & mobile networking Page to learn more, implements the data link and... Easy mathematical calculations in the 1980s 1G was the first generation of wireless mobile communication only within short. Frequencies used in systems transmitters ( low-power ) and receivers that operate at different frequencies another. Receiver and the low-power transmitter in 7 rather than radio technology the features cellular! Gprs, CDMA, and so on mobile calls to landline phones IEEE 802.11b standard to! The technology is developed for mobile communications ) standard regardless of age or education.., a wireless NIC, for example, a wireless NIC operates, 4G and 5g technologies allow surfing be. Though hexagonal is most recommended for better coverage and easy mathematical calculations channel throughout coverage... An arbitrarily large number of frequencies used in systems only within a small geographic area different bandwidths different! Coverage area to within the boundary of the first generation of mobile cellular are! By passing quizzes and exams that cell a Course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and.... Low-Power ) and receivers that operate at different frequencies square or hexagonal though hexagonal is most for! A cellular network is a need to deploy many applications on mobile networks and.... Cell site ( base station ), for wireless mobile communication fixed number of users by reusing the groups. A Course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams low-power ) and receivers that operate different... Be able to interface with a wireless network infrastructure that complies with MTN. Based on advanced wireless and mobile networks protocols and standards rather than radio technology to!
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